LITERATURE OBJ
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(1)
Adah, in her choice to marry Francis despite evident challenges, emerges as a key contributor to the failure of their marriage.

The union is marked by financial difficulties and misfortune. Adah's family couldn't attend the wedding due to Francis's inability to pay the demanded bride price for a 'College trained bride.' The lack of support from Francis, who refuses to work and contribute to the family, becomes a recurring issue.

Adah's desire to work hard and financially support her family clashes with Francis's parasitic approach to the marriage. While she dreams of contributing to her family's welfare, Francis seems more focused on benefiting from her efforts. Adah's resentment grows as she is compelled to financially support her family, feeling betrayed by her mother's decision to remarry.

Adah's dreams of marrying a rich man to alleviate financial burdens clash with societal expectations. The community views marriage as a master-servant union, where women are expected to serve and bear children without being seen as equal partners. Adah's decision to marry Francis, a young man struggling to pay an expensive bride price, leads to her family boycotting the wedding.

The marriage, seemingly devoid of genuine love, relies heavily on Adah's hard work and substantial salary. Francis, unwilling to contribute to the family's well-being, demonstrates a lack of initiative. His actions, such as writing to Adah's parents over minor issues and opposing her pursuit of writing, underscore a parasitic relationship dynamic.

Francis's perspective on marriage positions women as second-class humans, emphasizing their role in childbirth and domestic chores. Adah's dreams of becoming a writer are stifled by Francis's opposition, reflecting a disregard for her aspirations.

Despite being the breadwinner, Adah faces maltreatment, assault, insult, abandonment, and rejection from Francis. He rejects their children in court and harbors ill wishes towards them, further highlighting the dysfunctional nature of their marriage.

Adah's lack of foresight in choosing Francis, along with societal pressures and Francis's parasitic approach to the marriage, significantly contributes to the failure of their relationship. The narrative portrays a union devoid of mutual understanding and love, characterized by financial struggles and a stark power imbalance.

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(2)
Pa Ofili's role in Buchi Emecheta's 'Second Class Citizen' is integral to the narrative as it embodies the traditional patriarchal values and societal expectations prevalent in Nigeria during the time the novel is set. As the father of the protagonist, Adah, Pa Ofili becomes a symbol of the oppressive norms that contribute to Adah's status as a second-class citizen.

One of the primary aspects of Pa Ofili's character is his adherence to traditional gender roles. He represents the conservative mindset that reinforces the idea that a woman's place is within the confines of domesticity, serving her husband and family. Throughout the novel, Pa Ofili consistently imposes these expectations on Adah, limiting her opportunities and stifling her aspirations. His role, therefore, becomes a source of conflict for Adah as she grapples with the desire for independence and self-fulfillment in the face of societal constraints.

Pa Ofili's influence extends beyond the confines of the household, reflecting the broader societal attitudes towards women in Nigeria during the period depicted in the novel. His character serves as a microcosm of the deeply ingrained patriarchal norms that shape the experiences of women in various aspects of life. By embodying these societal expectations, Pa Ofili becomes a catalyst for Adah's struggles as she navigates a world that consistently devalues and marginalizes her simply because of her gender.

Pa Ofili's traditional beliefs contribute to Adah's experience as a second-class citizen by limiting her educational opportunities. He views education as unnecessary for a woman and actively discourages Adah from pursuing her intellectual interests. This denial of educational empowerment perpetuates the cycle of inequality, as Adah is denied the tools she needs to break free from the societal constraints imposed on her. Pa Ofili's role in restricting Adah's education not only reflects the prevalent gender bias but also underscores the broader systemic issues that hinder women's advancement.

Despite the challenges posed by Pa Ofili's character, it is essential to note that he is not portrayed as a one-dimensional villain. Instead, he represents a product of his time and cultural context, highlighting the deeply ingrained nature of these patriarchal norms. His character adds complexity to the narrative by illustrating how even well-intentioned individuals can perpetuate oppressive ideologies simply by conforming to societal expectations.

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(5)
The narrator heads straight to Harlem upon arriving in New York, was more secure in himself and his prospects. He is shocked as he’s pushed up against a white woman who does not appear to notice. Also greeted with a larger quantity of black people in Harlem than he expects. He also encountered a man named, Ras, yelling to a crowd. The narrator cannot understand why the police do nothing to quell the riot on the ground, instead, the police show him to Men’s House where he finds a room.
His major notable experience in Harlem was the delivering of his enclosed Letter.

The narrator sits in his new apartment musing over his life back home. He feels important when thinking about his letters, and he decides to plan out his strategy for the next morning. He is determined to visit the officials with the contacts in the letters. Firstly, he makes his way to Mr. Bates’ office but does not want to go in too early in case the employer does not like to see Negroes early in the morning. When he finally enters, he finds a lone secretary who is much more amiable than he expects. She takes the letter from him and disappears into another room. She returns to report that Mr. Bates is busy but will contact him. Disappointed, the narrator repeats the episode with several other secretaries during his first day there, not having better success. He holds onto the letter for Mr. Emerson because he learns he’s out of town. The narrator’s several efforts to deliver those letters to his employers prove abortive, and he begins to suspect. Mr. Norton and Bledsoe may be part of a scheme concerning him and the employers.

At Emerson’s office, the narrator is impressed with the nature of the luxury in the office. A man walks in and takes the letter into the office. A few days later, he invites him into an office and asks him questions. The narrator is at ease when asked if he would consider attending another college and if he had opened the letter. The narrator becomes angry and demands to meet with Emerson. The man then reveals that Emerson is his father and shows him a letter from Bledsoe which states that the narrator will never be enrolled at the college again and asks the employers to assist Bledsoe in keeping the narrator from trying to return. The reason given to the contacts is that the narrator has gone astray, and poses a danger to the delicate situation of the college. Emerson’s son then mentions a job opening at Liberty Paints and wishes him luck.

Meanwhile, the narrator feels betrayed and compares himself to a robin picked clean. Deciding to go back to the college and kill Bledsoe for playing him like a fool, he resolves to get any job immediately to find his revenge. He is told to report to the liberty paint the next morning.

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(6)
The gain of his invisibility is evident in the novel. The narrator puts on invisibility in order to express himself in a society that is not safe for the blacks. He is visible only on the surface, but is really invisible. When the narrator is invisible, he is praised for the things he had done. The narrator tries to announce and explain his invisibility at the beginning of the novel. Significantly, the narrator is invisible because the entire white race is too blind to see the conditions of the black in their society” their inability, to recognize and affirm their identity makes them blind and “vision-less. The narrator’s drastic measure and decision to go underground and return later portends his plan to fight back racial prejudice and his invisibility would be cast off in the end.

The narrator’s desire to change the course of his story that makes the whites more important than the blacks contributes to the enormous struggles the narrator encountered. No black man is allowed to rise beyond a certain level because of the problem of race and his desire to self-define himself. The protagonist of the novel attributes his invisibility largely to his inability to define himself outside the influence of others. Almost everyone he encounters attempts to tell him who he is, and how he should conduct himself.

At the college for instance, Dr. Bledsoe tells the narrator that he should smile and lie to please the white. The narrator is given an honor to drive one trustee known as Mr. Norton and the narrator is reprimanded for his action at the pub. Also, he is initiated into the brotherhood to become their spoke man, but their selfish aims and objective or too many unreasonable rules makes him back out in the end. At first, the Brotherhood attempts to redefine him by giving him a new name and identity and by having him go through intense instructions to ensure he adapt to the organization’s philosophies. Fortunately, the narrator has to go underground in order to define himself. He does this because he’s not able to finds solution to racial prejudice in his society. His decision to go underground and come back later also portends that the narrator has not relent in his struggle to ameliorate the conditions of his society. This is evident in his enviable conclusion.