DATA PROCESSING
1-10: BCDACCBDDD
11-20: CCAACCBBBA
21-30: CACBBDCCBD
31-40: BBBACDCAAD

DYEING & BLEACHING
1-10: DDACAADDBB
11-20: ABCACACDCB
21-30: BACDCBDADC
31-40: BCABBDDACC

OFFICE PRACTICE
1-10: DCCBCBCADA
11-20: ADCCBBBAAC
21-30: ABDDBBAAAA
31-40: ABDACBCAAC
41-50: ADDBDAAAAA

FISHERIES OBJ
1-10: AAAABDDBBD
11-20: BBAACBDBCD
21-30: ABCDDADBCB
31-40: CADCDDCCCB


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WAEC 2025 ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANSWER


(1ai)
Oestrus synchronization refers to the deliberate manipulation of the reproductive cycle in female animals so that a group of them come into heat at the same time. This is done using hormonal treatments to control or induce ovulation, making it easier to plan and carry out artificial insemination efficiently.

(1aii)
(PICK FOUR ONLY)
(i) Artificial vagina
(ii) Semen straw
(iii) Insemination gun
(iv) Straw cutter
(v) Thermometer
(vi) Semen storage tank
(vii) Lubricant
(viii) Speculum

(1bi)
Vaccination: Vaccination is the administration of vaccines to livestock to protect them from specific infectious diseases. It helps to boost the animal's immune system so it can fight off future infections effectively, reducing disease outbreaks and increasing productivity.

(1bii)
Feeding ad libitum: Feeding ad libitum means providing animals with unlimited access to feed at all times. This allows the animals to eat whenever they want and as much as they need, which can promote better growth and weight gain, especially in poultry and livestock farming.

(1ci)
PRE-SLAUGHTERING:
(PICK ONE ONLY)
(i) Withholding of feed
(ii) Withholding of water
(iii) Weighing of birds
(iv) Health inspection

(1d)
(COMPLETE THE TABLE)
(i) Kit
(ii) Lamb
(iii) 8 - 12
(iv) Kid
(v) 12 - 16
(vi) Calf
(vii) Piglet
(viii) 6 - 8

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(2a)
(i) Ovulation:
Ovulation is the release of a mature egg (ovum) from the ovary into the fallopian tube, where it may be fertilized by sperm.

(ii) Oestrus Cycle:
The oestrus cycle is the recurring reproductive cycle in female animals, during which they experience hormonal and physiological changes that prepare them for mating and possible pregnancy.

(iii) Heat Period:
The heat period (also known as estrus) is the phase in the oestrus cycle when the female is sexually receptive and can mate with a male. It is the time she shows visible signs of readiness to conceive.

(iv) Parturition:
Parturition is the process of giving birth to young ones after the completion of gestation.

(2b)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Restlessness and frequent lying down and standing up
(ii) Enlargement of the udder (bagging up).
(iii) Swollen vulva.
(iv) Mucus discharge from the vulva.
(v) Isolation from the rest of the flock.
(vi) Pawing the ground or nesting behavior.
(vii) Reduced appetite or refusal to eat.

(2c)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Thermostat
(ii) Heater
(iii) Humidity control system
(iv) Fan
(v) Egg tray or rack
(vi) Turning mechanism
(vii) Thermometer and hygrometer

(2d)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Tapeworm
(ii) Roundworm
(iii) Liver fluke
(iv) Hookworm

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(3a)
(PICK ANY SIX)
(i) Harvesting of forage crops.
(ii) Chopping of the forage.
(iii) Transporting to the silo or pit.
(iv) Filling the silo or pit with chopped forage.
(v) Compacting the forage to remove air.
(vi) Covering the silo with polythene or tarpaulin.
(vii) Allowing fermentation for 6–8 weeks.

(3b)
(i) Formation of yolk: Ovary
(ii) Fertilization of egg: Infundibulum
(iii) Formation of albumen: Magnum
(iv) Formation of shell: Uterus (or Shell gland)
(v) Formation of shell membrane: Isthmus

(3c)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Increased competition for food and water.
(ii) Higher stress levels among animals, leading to reduced growth and production.
(iii) Greater risk of disease transmission.
(iv) Overgrazing and damage to pasture or feed resources.
(v) Poor animal welfare and higher mortality rates.
(vi) Increased labor and management costs.
(vii) Environmental degradation due to waste accumulation.

(3d)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Pellets
(ii) Mash
(iii) Crumbles
(iv) Meal
(v) Blocks
(vi) Liquids

(3e)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Oversized fetus
(ii) Abnormal presentation or position of the fetus
(iii) Inadequate pelvic size of the mother
(iv) Weak or uncoordinated uterine contractions
(v) Multiple births (dystocia due to twins or triplets)
(vi) Malnutrition or poor body condition of the mother
(vii) Hormonal imbalances
(viii) Infection or uterine abnormalities

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(4a)
To calculate plant population:
• Area of land = 200 m × 150 m = 30,000 m²
• Spacing = 50 cm × 50 cm = 0.5 m × 0.5 m = 0.25 m² per plant
• Number of planting spots = Total area / Area per plant
= 30,000 m² ÷ 0.25 m² = 120,000 spots
• Germination percentage = 70%
• Expected plant population = 70% of 120,000 = 0.70 × 120,000 = 84,000 plants

(4b)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Wholesalers
(ii) Retailers
(iii) Distributors
(iv) Cooperatives
(v) Transporters
(vi) Middlemen

(4c)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Poor nutrition and inadequate feeding
(ii) Prevalence of diseases and parasites
(iii) Poor housing and management practices
(iv) Low genetic potential of local breeds
(v) Inadequate veterinary services
(vi) Harsh climatic conditions
(vii) Insecurity and theft

(4di)
A fodder crop is a type of crop that is grown primarily to be harvested and fed to livestock, either green, dry, or as silage.

(4dii)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Elephant grass
(ii) Guinea grass
(iii) Alfalfa
(iv) Clover
(v) Stylosanthes

=============================

(5a)
(PICK ONLY ONE PER EXPLANATION)
(i) Quarantine:
Quarantine is the practice of isolating new or sick animals from the rest of the herd to prevent the spread of disease.

OR

Quarantine is a livestock management practice where animals, especially new or sick ones, are kept separate from the main herd for a specific period.

(ii) Immunity:
Immunity is the ability of an animal’s body to resist or fight off infections and diseases caused by pathogens

OR

Immunity is the defense mechanism that protects an animal from diseases.

(iii) Zoonotic Disease:
A zoonotic disease is an infection that can be transmitted from animals to humans.

OR

Zoonotic diseases are illnesses that can be passed from animals to humans.

(5b)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Liver fluke reduces livestock productivity.
(ii) It causes liver damage and condemnation.
(iii) It increases veterinary treatment costs.
(iv) It leads to losses during meat processing.
(v) It reduces animal fertility.
(vi) It can cause livestock death.
(vii) It lowers the market value of animals.
(viii) It increases costs for control measures

(5c)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Regular inspection of animals for lice.
(ii) Use of insecticidal sprays or dips.
(iii) Quarantining new or infested animals.
(iv) Cleaning and disinfecting animal housing.
(v) Rotational use of effective lice treatments.
(vi) Maintaining good nutrition and hygiene.
(vii) Clipping or shearing hair in long-coated animals.
(viii) Treating all animals in a group simultaneously.

(5di)
(i) Queen bee
(ii) Worker bees
(iii) Drone bees

(5dii)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) beehive
(ii) hive tool
(iii) bee smoker
(iv) bee suit
(v) gloves
(vi) veil
(vii) bee brush
(viii) honey extractor
(ix) frame grip
(x) queen excluder

=============================


(6a)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Transports oxygen to tissues and carbon dioxide to the lungs.
(ii) Delivers nutrients from the digestive system to cells.
(iii) Carries waste products to the kidneys for excretion.
(iv) Transports hormones and other signaling molecules.
(v) Helps in regulating body temperature.
(vi) Maintains pH balance in the body.
(vii) Provides defense against infections through immune cells.
(viii) Clots to prevent excessive bleeding when injured.

(6bi)
(PICK ANY ONE)
Pseudoruminants are animals with a modified digestive system that has three stomach compartments, allowing them to break down fibrous plant material, but they do not chew cud like true ruminants.

OR
Pseudoruminants are animals that have a stomach with three compartments instead of the four found in true ruminants and can ferment food and digest cellulose, but their digestion process differs from that of true ruminants.

(6bii)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Camels
(ii) Llamas
(iii) Alpacas
(iv) Giraffes
(v) Vicuñas
(vi) Bison

(6c)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Ensure the lamb receives colostrum within the first few hours.
(ii) Keep the lamb warm, especially in cold weather
(iii) Clean the lamb and ensure the umbilical cord is properly treated.
(iv) Monitor the lamb for any signs of illness or distress.
(v) Ensure the mother has access to food and water for adequate milk production.
(vi) Provide a safe, clean environment to reduce the risk of infections.
(vii) Assist the lamb in standing and suckling if the mother has difficulty.

(6d)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Heart
(ii) Blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)
(iii) Lungs
(iv) Spleen
(v) Kidneys
(vi) Bone marrow

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WAEC 2025 DATA PROCESSING ANSWER



(1ai)
Data processing refers to the series of operations performed on data to extract, transform, and load information into a useful and meaningful form. It involves manipulating and analyzing data to produce meaningful results, such as reports, summaries, or forecasts.

(1aii)
Data collation refers to the process of gathering, collecting, and organizing data from various sources into a single, unified view. It involves aggregating data from different places, such as databases, files, or spreadsheets, to create a comprehensive dataset.

(1b)
The Data Processing Cycle, also known as the Information Processing Cycle.

(1c)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Computers process data quickly, saving time.
(ii) They store large amounts of information.
(iii) Computers reduce errors in data processing.
(iv) They make data easy to organize and retrieve.
(v) Computers can process complex calculations accurately.
(vi) They help in sharing data easily through networks.

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(2)



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(3)


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(4a)
Hackers are individuals who gain unauthorized access to computer systems or networks, often to steal data or cause damage.

WHILE

Spammers send unsolicited or irrelevant messages, usually in bulk, often for advertising or phishing purposes.

(4b)
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) Enhances Excel functionality (e.g., advanced data analysis).
(ii) Automates repetitive tasks.
(iii) Provides specialized tools (e.g., Solver, Analysis ToolPak).
(iv) Integrates Excel with other software or systems.
(v) Supports custom formulas and functions.
(vi) Improves productivity with custom user interfaces.

(4c)
(i) Cookies: Small files stored on a user's device by websites to remember information like login details or preferences.
(ii) Plugin: A software component that adds specific features to an existing computer program (e.g., video player plugin in a browser).
(iii) Web crawlers: Automated programs that browse the web to index content for search engines like Google.

=============================

(5a)
Presentation software

(5bi)
(i) Click on the 'Home' tab
(ii) Click on 'New Slide' in the Slides group
(iii) Choose a slide layout from the dropdown options

(5bii)
(i) Select the slide you want to delete in the slide pane
(ii) Right-click on the selected slide
(iii) Click on 'Delete Slide' from the context menu

(5c)
(i) Microsoft PowerPoint
(ii) Google Slides

(5di)
(i) Creating presentations for meetings or lectures
(ii) Designing slideshows for educational or business purposes

(5dii)
(i) Transitions are effects that occur between slides when moving from one slide to another, while animations are effects applied to objects within a slide.
(ii) Transitions are applied to whole slides, while animations are applied to text, images, or other objects.
(iii) Transitions enhance slide navigation, while animations enhance the presentation of individual elements.
(iv) Transitions occur once per slide, while animations can occur multiple times within the same slide.

(5ei)
(i) Click on the Slide Show tab
(ii) Click on From Beginning or From Current Slide
(iii) Press the F5 key as a shortcut to start from the beginning
(iv) Use the arrow keys to navigate through slides

(5eii)
(i) Click on the File tab
(ii) Select Print from the menu
(iii) Under Settings, click the dropdown under 'Full Page Slides'
(iv) Choose 6 Slides Horizontal or Vertical under 'Handouts'.

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WAEC 2025 FISHERIES ANSWER


(1ai) Fishing net
(PICK ANY THREE)

(i) Rinse the net with fresh water after each use to remove salt, dirt, and debris.
(ii) Inspect the net regularly for holes or fraying and repair them immediately.
(iii) Dry the net thoroughly before storage to prevent mold and rot.
(iv) Store the net in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to prevent degradation.
(v) Treat the net with antimicrobial solutions to prevent bacterial or fungal growth.

(1aii) Canoes
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Rinse the canoe with fresh water after each use to remove dirt, salt, or other contaminants.
(ii) Inspect the canoe for cracks, leaks, or damage and repair them promptly.
(iii) Store the canoe in a shaded, dry area to prevent sun damage and degradation of the material.
(iv) Apply a protective coating or paint to the hull to preserve its condition and prevent wear.
(v) Ensure the canoe’s hardware (like paddles, seats, or fittings) is well-maintained and tightened regularly.

(1bi)
(i) Sorting
(ii) Cleaning
(iii) Gutting
(iv) Smoking or drying
(v) Packaging

(1bii)
(PICK ANY FIVE)

(i) Smoking
(ii) Drying
(iii) Salting
(iv) Freezing
(v) Canning
(vi) Fermentation
(vii) Frying
(viii) Grilling

(1c)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) To extend shelf life
(ii) To prevent spoilage
(iii) To reduce post-harvest losses
(iv) To maintain quality and freshness
(v) To ease transportation and storage
(vi) To ensure availability during off-seasons
(vii) To add value for better market price

============================

(2a)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Select a suitable site with good water supply and proper drainage.
(ii) Clear the area of any vegetation, debris, or obstacles.
(iii) Mark the boundaries of the pond and determine the shape and size.
(iv) Excavate the pond to the desired depth, ensuring proper sloping.
(v) Construct an inlet and outlet for water flow, ensuring proper drainage.
(vi) Line the bottom with clay or compact soil to prevent water leakage.
(vii) Fill the pond with water and allow it to settle for a few days.
(viii) Install aeration systems or water fountains if necessary.
(ix) Check for any leaks or issues and make necessary adjustments.
(x) Add appropriate fish species and ensure regular maintenance.

(2bi)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Clear the pond of debris, weeds, and any obstacles.
(ii) Level and shape the pond to ensure proper water distribution.
(iii) Fill the pond with water, ensuring a steady supply.
(iv) Test the water for quality, including pH, temperature, and oxygen levels.
(v) Apply lime to adjust pH levels if necessary.
(vi) Fertilize the pond to stimulate plankton growth for fish feed.
(vii) Install proper inlet and outlet systems for water flow and drainage.
(viii) Ensure the pond is free of predators and harmful organisms.
(ix) Allow the pond to settle for a few days before introducing fish.
(x) Stock the pond with appropriate fish species for the environment.

(2bii)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Agricultural lime (calcium carbonate)
(ii) Quicklime (calcium oxide)
(iii) Hydrated lime (calcium hydroxide)
(iv) Dolomitic lime (calcium magnesium carbonate)
(v) Burnt lime
(vi) Slaked lime

(2c)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Reduces light penetration, affecting the growth of aquatic plants and plankton.
(ii) Decreases oxygen levels in the water, which can stress fish.
(iii) Impairs fish feeding behavior, as they rely on clear water to locate food.
(iv) Increases the risk of disease by limiting water quality and increasing pathogens.
(v) Causes sedimentation, which can clog gills and harm fish.
(vi) Reduces the overall aesthetic and environmental quality of the pond.

(2d)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Provide a balanced and nutritious diet to promote health and reproductive performance.
(ii) Ensure proper water quality, including maintaining appropriate temperature, pH, and oxygen levels.
(iii) Regularly check for diseases and parasites, and treat them promptly.
(iv) Maintain a proper breeding environment, including suitable breeding tanks or ponds.
(ii) Perform periodic health checks and remove any sick or weak fish.
(vi) Rotate or rest broodstock periodically to prevent overuse and ensure continued fertility.
(vii) Provide ample space for movement and reduce stress by avoiding overcrowding.
(viii) Manage breeding cycles to ensure the right timing for reproduction.

============================

(3ai)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) It is cost-effective or free compared to buying from hatcheries.
(ii) It provides genetic diversity in fish stock.
(iii) Wild fish seeds may be more resilient to diseases.
(iv) It supports local fish biodiversity.
(v) It reduces dependency on hatchery facilities.
(vi) It offers a natural selection of species suited to the local environment.

(3aii)
(i) Clarias gariepinus (African catfish)
(ii) Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia)

(3bi)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Ensure good water quality (pH, oxygen level, clarity).
(ii) Maintain appropriate water temperature.
(iii) Acclimatize fish before releasing into the pond.
(iv) Check for the absence of predators in the pond.
(v) Stock at the recommended density.
(vi) Monitor fish health and behavior after stocking.

(3c)
Number of fish = 5,000
Average weight per fish = 200 g = 0.2 kg
Total weight = 5,000 × 0.2 = 1,000 kg
Feed rate = 4% of body weight = 4/100 × 1,000 = 40 kg
Since feeding is done twice daily, each feeding = 40/2 = 20 kg

Total daily feed required = 40 kg

(3d)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Water temperature
(ii) Fish species
(iii) Fish size and age
(iv) Water quality (e.g., dissolved oxygen, pH)
(v) Type and quality of feed
(vi) Fish health status

=============================

(4a)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Foul or unpleasant odor
(ii) Murky or discolored water
(iii) High mortality rate in fish
(iv) Presence of algae blooms
(v) Low dissolved oxygen levels
(vi) Unusual fish behavior

(4b)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Regular water change
(ii) Proper pond aeration
(iii) Avoid overfeeding
(iv) Proper waste management
(v) Use of water testing kits
(vi) Liming to stabilize pH
(vii) Filtration systems
(viii) Avoiding overcrowding of fish

(4ci)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Algae
(ii) Insects
(iii) Worms
(iv) Plankton
(v) Detritus
(vi) Aquatic plants

(4cii)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Pellets
(ii) Crumbles
(iii) Mash
(iv) Flakes
(v) Dough
(vi) Extruded feed

(4di)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Broadcasting
(ii) Tray feeding
(iii) Hand feeding
(iv) Automated feeding
(v) Demand feeding
(vi) Feeding rings

(4dii)
35% to 45%

=============================
============================



WAEC 2025 TOURISM ANSWER


(1)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Prehistoric Era (Early Travel): When humans traveled for survival, migration, and trade.
(ii) Ancient Era: Marked by travel for religious pilgrimages (e.g., Hajj, Olympia) and trade (e.g., Silk Road).
(iii) Grand Tour Era (17th–18th Century): Wealthy Europeans traveled for cultural education.
(iv) Industrial Revolution Era (19th Century): Steam engines and railways made travel faster and more accessible.
(v) Modern Mass Tourism Era (20th Century): Air travel and package holidays democratized tourism.
(vi) Digital/Contemporary Era (21st Century): Online bookings, ecotourism, and space tourism emerge.

=======================

(2)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Economic Planning: Helps governments allocate resources and develop infrastructure based on tourist inflows.
(ii) Policy Formulation: Provides data for creating tourism-friendly policies and regulations.
(iii) Marketing Strategies: Enables targeted promotions by identifying tourist demographics and preferences.
(iv) Employment Assessment: Measures job creation in hospitality, transport, and related sectors.

=======================

(3)
(a) Niger and Benue Confluence: Kogi State
(b) Ikogosi Warm Spring: Ekiti State
(c) Ogbunike Cave: Anambra State
(d) Wikki Warm Spring: Bauchi State

=======================

(4)
Average annual visits = 6,000
Total period = 6 years
Total inflow = 6,000 × 6 = 36,000 tourists

Answer: The resort received 36,000 tourists over the 6-year period.

=============================

(5)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Visa pages
(ii)Machine-readable zone (MRZ)
(iii) Holographic security features
(iv) Microchip (for e-passports)
(v) Biographical data page

=============================

(6)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Travel Insurance Services
(ii) Visa and Passport Assistance
(iii) Tour Guide Services
(iv) Currency Exchange Services
(v) Hotel Reservation and Accommodation Booking
(vi) Car Rental and Transportation Arrangements
(vii) Customer Support and Emergency Assistance

=============================

(7)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Economic Growth: Generates income through local businesses (handicrafts, homestays, etc.).
(ii) Job Creation: Provides employment in hospitality, guiding, and transport services.
(iii) Infrastructure Development: Improves roads, electricity, and healthcare facilities to cater to tourists.
(iv) Cultural Preservation: Encourages communities to maintain traditions and heritage for tourist appeal.

=============================

(8)
(i) Excursion
A short journey or trip taken for leisure, education, or group activity, often returning the same day.

OR

(ii) A planned visit to a place of interest (e.g., museum, park) as part of a larger tour or school program.

(i) Recreation
Activities done for enjoyment, relaxation, or physical/mental refreshment (e.g., sports, hobbies).

OR

The process of revitalizing energy through leisure pursuits, often during free time or vacations.

=============================

(9)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Information Desks and Tourist Help Centers.
(ii) Online Booking and Reservation Systems.
(iii) Concierge Services in Hotels.
(iv) Airport Assistance (e.g., wheelchair services, luggage handling).
(v) Multilingual Interpretation and Translation Services.
(vi) Emergency Medical and Security Support.

============================



WAEC 2025 OFFICE PRACTICE ANSWER


(1ai)
Alphabetical Filing System: This system organizes files and documents based on the names of individuals, organizations, or subjects in alphabetical order (A–Z). At SKJ Services Ltd, each branch of the company keeps the files of its staff and customers in alphabetical order, making it easier to retrieve files when needed.

(1aii)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Simplicity
(ii) Quick Access
(iii) Flexibility
(iv) Cost-Effective
(v) No Need for Indexing
(vi) Easier for Small Businesses

(1b)
Memo (Memorandum)

(1c)
(i) It is used within an organization to formally request items or services.
(ii) Contains details like item description, quantity, purpose, and requester's details.
(iii) It usually requires approval from a superior or head of department.
(iv) Helps track and authorize internal supply or purchases.

(1d)
(i) Good Human Relations:
(ii) Politeness
(iii) Punctuality
(iv) Good Communication Skills

=============================

(2a)
A report is a written or verbal communication that provides information, analysis, and recommendations on a specific topic or issue, often based on research, investigation, or data analysis.

(2b)
(i)Title page
(ii)Table of contents
(iii)Executive summary
(iv)Introduction
(v)Body
(vi)Conclusion
(vii)Recommendations

(2c)
(i)Informed decision-making: Reports provide valuable insights and data to support informed decision-making.
(ii)Accountability: Reports help organizations track progress, identify areas for improvement, and demonstrate accountability.
(iii)Communication: Reports facilitate communication among stakeholders, including employees, management, and external partners.
(iv)Problem-solving: Reports can identify problems, analyze causes, and recommend solutions.
(v)Evaluation and improvement: Reports can evaluate performance, identify areas for improvement, and inform strategic planning.

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