WAEC 2023 - CATERING ANSWER


CATERING CRAFT PRACTICE
1-10: DADDABBDCA
11-20: CAADBBBDDD
21-30: CDDBCACDCC
31-40: DCACCCCCAB

(1a)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) It offers a quick and hassle-free way to enjoy a meal without the need for grocery shopping, meal preparation, or cleaning up afterward.
(ii) Dining out provides an opportunity to socialize and spend quality time with others in a relaxed setting.
(iii) It offers an opportunity to try new foods and expand culinary horizons beyond what one might typically cook at home.
(iv) Restaurants often provide a festive atmosphere and specialized menus for such events.
(v) It provides a neutral and professional setting where individuals can discuss work-related matters or build relationships over a meal.
(vi) Eating outside can be a way to unwind, relax, and enjoy a change of scenery.

(1bi)
(PICK ANY ONE)
Tasting menu refers to a type of menu offered by restaurants that provides a curated selection of smaller portions of dishes, usually in a sequence predetermined by the chef. It is designed to offer a gastronomic journey and allow diners to experience a wide range of flavors, textures, and techniques within a single meal.

OR

Tasting menu refers to a carefully curated selection of smaller portions of dishes that are presented in a predetermined sequence to provide a culinary experience for guests. It involves showcasing the chef's skills, creativity, and the restaurant's culinary offerings.

(1bii)
It is used for serving sweet wine

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(2a)
J - Air Cell
K - Thick Albumen
L - Yolk
M - Chalazae

(2b)
(PICK FOUR ONLY)
(i) Avoid purchasing eggs with cracked or damaged shells, as they may be more susceptible to contamination
(ii) Eggs should be stored in the refrigerator at or below 40°F (4°C) to maintain their freshness and reduce the risk of bacterial growth
(iii) Store eggs properly: Store eggs in the refrigerator at a temperature below 40°F (4°C).
(iv) Before handling eggs, make sure to wash your hands thoroughly with warm water and soap.
(v) Keep eggs separate from other foods, especially those that are ready-to-eat, to prevent cross-contamination.
(vi) Cook eggs thoroughly until both the egg white and yolk are firm to eliminate the risk of foodborne illness
(vii) Use pasteurized eggs for raw or lightly cooked dishes

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(4a)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Overheating during the clarification process
(ii) Not removing impurities and scum during the stock-making process
(iii) Using a dirty or impure water source
(iv) Adding too many vegetables and herbs which can create a cloudy broth
(v) Using too much meat or bones which can result in excess fat and collagen
(vi) Not allowing enough time for the consomme to clarify naturally
(vii) Using starchy vegetables such as potatoes or turnips during the stock-making process
(viii) Adding salt before the consomme has completely cleared
(ix) Using a stirring motion during the clarification process which can stir up impurities and cloud the consomme
(x) Using a too fine mesh or cloth during the straining process which can trap small particles and prevent clarity.

(4b)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Selecting the right bones and ingredients is crucial for making a good stock
(ii) Proper time and temperature should be considered
(iii) Proper Skimming and straining to remove impurities.
(iv) Storage such as in an airtight containers in the refrigerator or freezer should be considered
(v) Roasting the bones before simmering them in the stock can greatly enhance the depth of flavor.

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(6a)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Moisture
(ii) Temperature
(iii) Nutrients
(iv) Oxygen
(v) pH Level
(vi) Time

(6b)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) To ensure the pastry holds its shape during baking
(ii) To create a crisp and crumbly texture
(iii) To prevent the pastry from becoming soggy when filled with wet ingredients
(iv) To increase the shelf life of the pastry
(v) To provide a strong base for the addition of sweet or savory toppings
(vi) To add an extra layer of texture and flavor to your baked goods.

(6c)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Fresh fruit slices or berries
(ii) Edible flowers or petals
(iii) Crushed nuts or seeds
(iv) Sprinkles or confetti shapes
(v) Chocolate shavings or curls
(vi) Piped icing or whipped cream swirls.

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WAEC 2023 - DYEING AND BLEACHING ANSWER

Dyeing and Bleaching
1-10: DCBBCDDACB
11-20: CBCCCADDCD
21-30: BACABBBCCB
31-40: BBBCCBACBC


(1a)
Candle wax is a specific type of wax used for making candles. It refers to a solid, flammable substance that, when melted and combined with a wick, forms the main body of a candle.

(1b)
(PICK ANY TWO)

(i)Both candle wax and cassava paste can exist in a solid state.
(ii)Both substances can be utilized for various purposes.
(iii)Candle wax and cassava paste can be shaped or molded into different forms.
(iv)Both substances are sensitive to heat.

(1c)
(PICK ANY THREE)

(i)Resist Agent: Candle wax acts as a resist agent, creating a barrier on the fabric that prevents the dye from penetrating the areas where the wax is applied.

(ii)Design Creation: By using a tjanting, brush, or other tools, artists apply melted candle wax to the fabric in specific patterns or designs.

(iii)Layering: Candle wax enables the layering technique in batiking

(iv)Crackle Effect: When wax is applied in multiple layers or with varying thicknesses, it can create a crackle effect in the final design.


(1d)
(PICK ANY THREE)

(i)Always place candles on a stable and heat-resistant surface

(ii)Place candles in appropriate candle holders or containers that are specifically designed for their size and shape

(iii)Never leave a burning candle unattended. Always ensure someone is present in the room where the candle is lit

(iv) Always avoid moving a lit candle as it increases the risk of spills or accidents

(v)Keep candles away from areas with drafts, air vents, or open windows, as these can cause the flame to flicker, leading to uneven melting and potential spills

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(2a)
(PICK ANY FIVE)

(i)Both batik and bleaching involve manipulating the fabric to create desired patterns or designs.
(ii)Both techniques provide a level of control over the design outcome.
(iii)Both batik and bleaching require specific tools and materials
(iv)Both techniques involve selectively applying a substance to the fabric
(v)Both processes involve manipulating the color of the fabric.
(vi)Both batiking and bleaching can create visual contrast on the fabric.

(2b)
(PICK ANY FIVE)

(i)Ascorbic Acid
(ii)Sunlight
(iii)Baking Soda
(iv)Vinegar
(v)Hydrogen Peroxide
(vi)Lemon Juice
(vii)Oxygen-Based Bleach

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(3i)Fabric: Fabric refers to the material used in textile production. It can be made from various fibers, such as cotton, silk, wool, or synthetic materials like polyester.

(3ii)Binder: A binder is a substance used in fabric printing or dyeing to help the color or pigment adhere to the fabric fibers.

(3iii)Fixing: Fixing refers to the process of setting or stabilizing the color on the fabric to prevent it from fading or washing out.

(3iv)Fast: Fast refers to the colourfastness of a dye or pigment. A dye or pigment is considered fast if it has good resistance to fading when exposed to washing, light, or friction.

(3v) Wax : wax refers to a substance that is applied to fabric to create patterns or designs by resisting the dye or color applied to the fabric.

(3vi)Squeegee: A squeegee is a tool commonly used in fabric printing or dyeing processes. It consists of a flat blade or rubber edge attached to a handle

(3vii)Tjanting: Tjanting is a traditional tool used in batik, a wax-resist dyeing technique. It is a small brass or copper container with a spout or nozzle.

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(6a)
The method to be used for fabric surface decoration is screen printing

(6b)
(i)The decorated fabric can be used to create personalized t-shirts, hoodies, or other garments.

(ii)The fabric can be transformed into decorative pillowcases, curtains, or tablecloths, adding a unique touch to interior design.

(iii)The finished fabric can be utilized in various art projects, such as quilting, patchwork, or mixed media creations.



(6c)
(i)Prepare the frame: Attach the frame mesh tightly to the frame, ensuring it is evenly stretched.

(ii)Coat the frame with emulsion: Apply the blue emulsion evenly on one side of the frame mesh using a squeegee.

(iii)Create the design: Use tracing paper to draw or trace the desired design.

(iv)Transfer the design onto the frame: Place the traced design on the glass and position the frame with the emulsion-coated side down over the design

(v)Rinse the frame: After exposure, wash the frame to remove the unhardened emulsion.

(vi)Set up the padded table: Place a padded table underneath the frame to provide a soft surface for printing.

(vii)Print the fabric: Lay the fabric on the padded table and position the frame on top, aligning the stencil with the desired area on the fabric






WAEC 2023 - TOURISM ANSWER


TOURISM OBJ
1-10: BCAABCADDA
11-20: CDACADCDBC
21-30: ABDCDDACBC
31-40: ADBADDAACA


(1)
(i) Domestic
(ii) International

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(2)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Accommodation
(ii) Transportation
(iii) Attractions
(iv) Catering services
(v) Tour guide services

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(3)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) It serves as a proof of identity and citizenship
(ii) Authorization for international travel
(iii) It allows entry into foreign countries
(iv) It facilitates visa application process
(v) It provides consular assistance and protection abroad

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(4)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Cultural exchange and exploration
(ii) Socialization and networking opportunities
(iii) Leisure and recreation
(iv) Escape from daily routine or stress
(v) Desire for new experiences and adventure

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(5)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Providing travel information and advice to clients
(ii) Booking transportation, such as flights and trains
(iii) Arranging accommodations, such as hotels and resorts
(iv) Organizing tours and activities for travelers
(v) Assisting with visa and passport application processes

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(6)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Accommodation services
(ii) Transportation services
(iii) Tour guiding services
(iv) Travel agency services
(v) Restaurant and catering services
(vi) Entertainment and recreational services
(vii) Information and communication services

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(7)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Advertising and promotion campaigns
(ii) Social media marketing
(iii) Collaborations with travel influencers and bloggers
(iv) Targeted email marketing campaigns
(v) Partnering with local businesses and tourism organizations

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(8)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) He/she must knowledgeable about various destinations and tourist attractions
(ii) He/she must have an excellent organizational and time management skills
(iii) He must possess strong communication and interpersonal skills
(iv) Ability to handle and resolve customer issues effectively
(v) Multilingual capabilities to cater to diverse customer needs
(vi) He/she must have good negotiation and networking skills for collaborations with suppliers and vendors
(vii) Flexibility and adaptability to handle unexpected situations and changes in itineraries

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(9)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Insurance companies
(ii) Travel agencies
(iii) Airlines
(iv) Online insurance providers
(v) Banks and financial institutions
(vi) Tour operators

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(10)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Plates and bowls
(ii) Cups and mugs
(iii) Vases and flower pots
(iv) Sculptures and figurines
(v) Tiles and decorative wall pieces
(vi) Jewelry and accessories
(vii) Home decor items like lamps and candle holders

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(11a)
(PICK ANY ONE)
Segmentation refers to the process of dividing the larger market of potential tourists into distinct groups or segments based on shared characteristics, interests, and behaviors.

OR

Segmentation in tourism marketing refers to the process of dividing the market into distinct groups based on characteristics such as demographics, interests, and behavior to tailor marketing strategies effectively.

(11b)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Dividing the market based on geographical locations, such as countries, regions, or cities, to target tourists from specific areas.
(ii) Segmenting the market based on demographic factors such as age, gender, income, occupation, and education level to cater to the specific needs and preferences of different groups.
(iii) Dividing the market based on psychological and lifestyle characteristics, including interests, attitudes, values, and behavior, to target tourists with similar preferences and motivations.
(iv) Segmenting the market based on consumer behavior, such as travel patterns, frequency of travel, loyalty to specific brands, and spending habits, to tailor marketing strategies accordingly.
(v) Dividing the market based on cultural factors, including language, religion, customs, traditions, and social norms, to provide culturally relevant products and experiences.
(vi) Segmenting the market based on the purpose of travel, such as leisure, business, adventure, religious, or medical tourism, to develop specialized offerings for each segment.
(vii) Dividing the market based on travelers' attitudes and motivations, such as seeking relaxation, adventure, luxury, or authentic cultural experiences, to create targeted marketing messages and unique experiences.

(11c)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Facilitating the development and promotion of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria.
(ii) Providing support and advisory services to SMEs in areas such as business planning, financial management, and market research.
(iii) Promoting access to finance for SMEs by facilitating partnerships with financial institutions and providing financial assistance programs.
(iv) Facilitating capacity building and training programs for SMEs to enhance their skills, productivity, and competitiveness.
(v) Supporting entrepreneurship development by promoting innovation, creativity, and entrepreneurial culture among Nigerian SMEs.
(vi) Creating a conducive business environment for SMEs through policy advocacy, regulatory reforms, and streamlining administrative processes.
(vii) Facilitating market linkages and networking opportunities for SMEs, both locally and internationally, to expand their market reach and enhance business opportunities.

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(12a)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Security services ensure the safety and well-being of tourists by maintaining law and order, preventing crimes, and addressing any security threats or emergencies that may arise.
(ii) Security services safeguard tourism assets such as hotels, resorts, historical sites, and tourist attractions from theft, vandalism, and other forms of damage.
(iii) The presence of visible security services instills confidence and trust among tourists, assuring them of their safety and creating a positive perception of the destination.
(iv) Security services play a crucial role in deterring and preventing crimes against tourists, including theft, assault, and scams, which can significantly impact the tourism industry.
(v) In times of crises or emergencies, such as natural disasters or terrorist threats, security services coordinate response efforts, evacuation procedures, and provide assistance to ensure the safety of tourists.
(vi) Security services conduct risk assessments and implement risk management strategies to identify and mitigate potential security threats to the tourism sector.
(vii) Effective security services contribute to the reputation and image of a destination as a safe and secure place to visit, attracting more tourists and supporting the growth of the tourism industry.

(12b)
(PIC ANY THREE)
(i) Travel insurance provides coverage for medical expenses in case of illness or injury during the trip, including
(ii) Travel insurance protects tourists against unforeseen events that may lead to the cancellation or interruption of their trip.
(iii) Travel insurance offers coverage for lost, stolen, or damaged baggage and personal belongings during the trip.
(iv) Travel insurance provides compensation for additional expenses incurred due to travel delays.
(v) Travel insurance often includes 24 hours emergency assistance services.

(12c)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Social media marketing
(ii) Email marketing
(iii) Search engine optimization (SEO)
(iv) Online travel agencies (OTAs)