NECO 2023 - FOOD & NUTRITION ANSWER


FOOD & NUTRITION
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11-20: CBDABDBAAE
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51-60: EDABCADEEE


(1ai)
Food additives are substances that are added to food products to enhance their flavor, appearance, texture, or to extend their shelf life.

(1aii)
(i) Preservatives
(ii) Flavor enhancers.

(1b)
(i) Beef is derived from cattle, specifically the meat of adult cows, while poultry refers to the meat of domesticated birds such as chickens, turkeys, ducks, and geese.

(ii) Beef generally has a high fat content while poultry tends to be leaner and lower in fat.

(1c)
(i) Regular handwashing
(ii) Cleaning and sanitizing kitchen surfaces

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(2ai)
Bile:
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) Bile aids fats digestion. It break down large fat globules into smaller droplets.
(ii) Bile also aids in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E, and K) and dietary fats
(iii) It helps in the elimination of waste products, such as bilirubin, which is a breakdown product of red blood cells.

(2aii)
Insulin:
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) It aids in the regulation of glucose metabolism.
(ii) Insulin promotes the storage of excess glucose in the liver and muscle cells in the form of glycogen.
(iii) It enhances the uptake of amino acids into cells, promoting protein synthesis and inhibiting protein breakdown.

(2b)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Both steaming and boiling rely on the transfer of heat to cook food.
(ii) Both steaming and boiling are moist cooking methods.
(iii) Retention of nutrients: Steaming and boiling are known for their ability to retain the nutritional value of food.
(iv) Both steaming and boiling can be used to cook a wide variety of foods.
(v) Steaming and boiling are relatively simple and straightforward cooking techniques.

(2c)
(PICK ANY ONE)
A hostess is a term commonly used to refer to a woman who is responsible for welcoming and assisting guests or customers in various settings, such as restaurants, hotels, events, or establishments.

OR

A hostess is someone who warmly welcomes and assists people at places like restaurants, hotels, or events.

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(4a)
(i) Entertainment: Entertainment refers to activities or events that are designed to provide enjoyment, amusement, or diversion to individuals or a group of people. It includes various forms of leisure activities, such as watching movies, attending concerts, playing games, participating in sports, or engaging in recreational hobbies.

(ii) Food budgeting: Food budgeting is the process of planning and allocating financial resources specifically for food-related expenses. It involves determining how much money can be spent on food within a given timeframe, setting priorities, and making informed decisions to ensure that the available funds are used effectively to meet nutritional needs while staying within the allocated budget.

(iii) Pasteurization: Pasteurization is a process that involves heating food, typically liquids like milk or juice, to a specific temperature and then rapidly cooling it to kill or deactivate harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. This heat treatment helps to increase the safety and shelf life of the food product while retaining its nutritional quality to a significant extent.

(4b)
(i) Undernutrition can lead to various health issues, including stunted growth, weakened immune system, micronutrient deficiencies, and an increased susceptibility to infections and diseases WHILE Overnutrition, especially in the form of excessive calorie consumption, can contribute to obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and other chronic health conditions.

(ii) Undernutrition is commonly associated with poverty, limited access to nutritious food, inadequate healthcare, and poor sanitation WHILE Overnutrition, on the other hand, is often linked to the availability of highly processed, energy-dense foods, sedentary lifestyles, and cultural factors promoting overeating.

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(5ai)
Consumer education refers to the process of providing individuals with knowledge, skills, and information to make informed decisions as consumers. It aims to empower consumers to understand their rights and responsibilities, develop critical thinking skills, and navigate the marketplace effectively.

(5aii)
(i) Consumer education equips individuals with the knowledge and skills to make informed choices in the marketplace. It helps consumers understand their rights, identify deceptive practices, and protect themselves from fraud or exploitation.

(ii) It enables consumers to compare prices, quality, and features, enabling them to make well-informed decisions that align with their needs and preferences.

(iii) It helps consumers develop financial resilience and make sound financial decisions.

(iv) By educating consumers about their rights and responsibilities, consumer education helps promote a fair and transparent marketplace. Informed consumers can demand quality products and services, hold businesses accountable for unethical practices, and contribute to a more competitive and consumer-friendly environment.

(5bi)
(i) Flour
(ii) Sugar
(iii) Yeast
(iv) Milk
(v) Butter
(vi) Eggs
(vii) Salt
(viii) Vanilla extract
(ix) Vegetable oil (for frying)

(5bii)
(i) Powdered sugar
(ii) Chocolate glaze

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