NECO 2025 ANIMAL HUSBANDRY PRACTICAL ANSWER



(1ai)
Reproductive system

(1aii)
Mammary gland

(1b)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Oval in shape
(ii) Hard outer shell
(iii) Smooth surface
(iv) Lightweight
(v) Brittle shell

(1c)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Food processing industry
(ii) Bakery industry
(iii) Confectionery industry
(iv) Cosmetic industry
(v) Pharmaceutical industry
(vi) Catering and hospitality industry
(vii) Poultry feed industry
(viii) Biotechnology industry (e.g., vaccine production)

(1d)
(A)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Mayonnaise
(ii) Egg powder
(iii) Custard
(iv) Cake
(v) Ice cream

(B)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Cheese
(ii) Butter
(iii) Yogurt
(iv) Ice cream
(v) Condensed milk

(1e)
(A)
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) Coating with oil
(ii) Refrigeration
(iii) Lime water storage
(iv) Water glass (sodium silicate solution) method
(v) Drying into egg powder

(B)
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) Pasteurization
(ii) Refrigeration
(iii) Sterilization
(iv) Condensation
(v) Drying into powdered milk

(1f)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Wash the udder and teats with clean warm water before milking
(ii) Ensure hands are clean and disinfected
(iii) Use clean and sterilized milking equipment
(iv) Avoid loud noise to prevent disturbing the animal
(v) Milk in a clean and calm environment
(vi) Examine the udder for signs of infection (e.g., mastitis)
(vii) Discard the first few streams of milk (foremilk) to check for abnormalities
(viii) Cover the milk immediately after extraction to prevent contamination

(1g)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Poor nutrition
(ii) Diseases such as mastitis
(iii) Stress or harsh environmental conditions
(iv) Inadequate water supply
(v) Poor hygiene and management practices
(vi) Age of the animal (very old or very young)
(vii) Genetic factors
(viii) Irregular or improper milking intervals

=============================

(2a)
C - Centrosema pubescens
D - Cynodon dactylon

(2b)
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) They provide nutritious pasture for grazing animals.
(ii) They help in controlling soil erosion by providing ground cover.
(iii) They improve soil fertility by adding organic matter to the soil when they decompose.

(2c)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) It is a twining and creeping leguminous plant with long trailing stems.
(ii) It has purple or violet butterfly-shaped flowers that attract pollinators.
(iii) It has trifoliate leaves with oval-shaped leaflets that are slightly hairy.
(iv) It produces slender pods containing several small seeds used for propagation.

(2d)
(i) Harvesting
(ii) Wilting
(iii) Chopping
(iv) Packing
(v) Sealing and Fermentation

(2e)
(i) Calcium
(ii) Phosphorus

(2f)
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) Weak and brittle bones in farm animals.
(ii) Poor growth in young animals.
(iii) Milk fever in lactating animals.
(iv) Rickets in young animals.

(2g)
E:
(i) Boiling
(ii) Crushing
(iii) Drying

F:
(i) Cooking
(ii) Drying
(iii) Grinding

============================

(3a)
G:
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Salmonellosis
(ii) Coccidiosis
(iii) Aspergillosis
(iv) Newcastle disease

H:
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Newcastle disease
(ii) Fowl cholera
(iii) Infectious coryza
(iv) Avian influenza

(3b)
G:
(PICK ONLY ONE)
(i) Regular removal and replacement of wood shavings.
(ii) Spraying with disinfectant periodically.
(iii) Avoiding overcrowding to reduce contamination.

H:
(PICK ONLY ONE)
(i) Washing and disinfecting drinkers regularly.
(ii) Using clean water at all times.
(iii) Placing drinkers at appropriate heights to avoid contamination with droppings.

(3c)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Reduction in egg production.
(ii) Anaemia due to blood sucking.
(iii) Restlessness and discomfort.
(iv) Transmission of diseases.
(v) Loss of feathers due to scratching.
(vi) Reduced weight gain.

(3d)
(i) Egg stage
(ii) Nymph stage
(iii) Adult stage

(3e)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Newcastle disease
(ii) Infectious bronchitis
(iii) Avian influenza
(iv) Fowl cholera

(3f)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) White Leghorn
(ii) Rhode Island Red
(iii) Plymouth Rock
(iv) Sussex

(3g)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Provision of proper housing and ventilation.
(ii) Regular vaccination against common poultry diseases.
(iii) Maintenance of strict biosecurity measures.
(iv) Regular deworming and pest control.
(v) Quarantine of new birds before introduction into the flock.



NECO 2025 FISHERY PRACTICAL ANSWER


(1ai)
A: Oreochromis niloticus
B: Heterobranchus longifilis
C: Lates niloticus
D: Bagrus bayad

(1aii)


(1aiii)
In a tabular form

A:
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) It has no barbels around the mouth.
(ii) The body is laterally compressed and deep.
(iii) The caudal fin is rounded or slightly forked.
(iv) It is herbivorous, feeding mostly on algae and plant matter.
(v) It belongs to the family Cichlidae.

D:
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) It has well-developed barbels around the mouth.
(ii) The body is elongated and cylindrical.
(iii) The caudal fin is deeply forked.
(iv) It is carnivorous, feeding on smaller fish and aquatic organisms.
(v) It belongs to the family Bagridae.

(1bi)
In a tabular form

=Specimen A=
(i) Type of mouth shape: Terminal mouth (mouth opens at the tip of the head).
(ii) Shape of caudal fin: Rounded or slightly forked caudal fin.

=Specimen B=
(i) Type of mouth shape: Sub-terminal or inferior mouth (mouth located below the snout).
(ii) Shape of caudal fin: Rounded caudal fin.

=Specimen C=
(i) Type of mouth shape: Large terminal mouth (opens at the front and is wide).
(ii) Shape of caudal fin: Deeply forked caudal fin.

=Specimen D=
(i) Type of mouth shape: Sub-terminal or inferior mouth.
(ii) Shape of caudal fin: Forked caudal fin.

(1bii)
(i) A: Cichlidae
(ii) B: Clariidae
(iii) C: Centropomidae (or Latidae)
(iv) D: Bagridae

=============================

(2ai)
E: Dugout canoe (or model)
F: Seine net
G: Funnel entrance trap
H: Gill net

(2aii)


(2aiii)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Both are fishing gears used in capturing fish.
(ii) Both are made from netting materials like nylon or synthetic fibers.
(iii) Both are operated in water bodies such as rivers, lakes, or ponds.
(iv) Both have floats attached to keep the upper part buoyant.
(v) Both use lead sinkers to keep the lower edge submerged.
(vi) Both allow the capture of multiple fish at once.
(vii) Both can be used manually by fishermen without engines or machines.

(2bi)
E:
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) It is used for transporting fishermen to and from fishing grounds.
(ii) It is used to carry fishing gear such as nets and traps.
(iii) It helps in monitoring and harvesting from fish enclosures.
(iv) It is used during fish rescue operations in ponds or flooded areas.
(v) It facilitates access to deeper parts of a water body for fishing.

G:
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) It is used to passively catch fish or crustaceans.
(ii) It traps aquatic animals that swim in through the narrow funnel.
(iii) It reduces stress on captured fish compared to active gears.
(iv) It is ideal for selective fishing with bait.
(v) It is used in both freshwater and brackish water environments.

(2bii)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Clean the trap regularly to remove debris and mud.
(ii) Dry properly after use to prevent rust or rot.
(iii) Store in a dry, shaded place when not in use.
(iv) Inspect regularly for damage or wear and repair as needed.
(v) Apply protective coating (e.g., anti-rust or paint) if made of metal.
(vi) Avoid dragging the trap over rough surfaces to prevent breakage.

(2biii)
E:
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Wood
(ii) Nails or metal fasteners
(iii) Paint or varnish
(iv) Rope
(v) Iron sheets (for reinforcement)
(vi) Tar or resin (for sealing cracks)

H:
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Nylon thread
(ii) Cork floats
(iii) Lead sinkers
(iv) Twine or rope
(v) Mesh netting
(vi) Plastic or metal rings (for edge support)

============================

(3ai)
I: Secchi disc
J: pH meter
K: Poultry dropping
L: Thermometer

(3aii)


(3aiii)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Calibrate the pH meter regularly using standard buffer solutions.
(ii) Rinse the electrode with distilled water before and after each use.
(iii) Store the electrode in appropriate storage solution when not in use.
(iv) Avoid touching the electrode bulb with fingers to prevent contamination.
(v) Keep the pH meter away from direct sunlight or high temperatures.
(vi) Replace the electrode when it becomes faulty or gives unstable readings.
(vii) Turn off the meter after use to conserve battery life and prevent damage.

(3bi)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Acts as organic fertilizer to promote plankton growth in ponds.
(ii) Enhances natural fish food availability through increased primary productivity.
(iii) Reduces the cost of purchasing commercial fish feed.
(iv) Improves the nutrient content of the pond bottom soil.
(v) Encourages faster growth of fish by providing protein-rich microorganisms.
(vi) Boosts the overall fertility of the pond ecosystem.
(vii) Increases fish yield due to improved food supply and pond conditions.

(3bii)
(i) Cow dung
(ii) Pig manure

(3biii)
(i) Handle with care to avoid breakage.
(ii) Do not use in boiling water to prevent damage.
(iii) Clean after use to avoid contamination between measurements.

(3biv)
I:
(i) Avoid taking readings on windy or rainy days to ensure accuracy.
(ii) Lower the disc vertically and slowly into the water for correct measurement.

J:
(i) Do not immerse the pH meter above the maximum immersion level.
(ii) Rinse the electrode with distilled water before and after use to prevent contamination.