NECO 2021 - ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANSWER

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
1-10: DEBACCCEAD
11-20: BABABBBEAE
21-30: ACAACDBDCE
31-40: BAACEDABEA
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(1a)
Respiratory system helps the animal to absorb oxygen

(1b)
(i)Natural incubation
(ii) Artificial incubation

(1ci)
(i)Restlessness and isolation
(ii)Sexual excitements
(iii)Reduced or loss of appetite

(1cii)
(i)mucus discharge from the vulva
(ii)decreased body temperature
(iii)filling of mammary glands with milk

(1d)
(Pick any one)
(i)supporting the weight of the animal
(ii) dissipating the energy impact as the hooves strike the ground or surface
(iii)protecting the tissues and bone within the hoof capsule
(iv) providing traction for the animal.

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(3a)
Rangelands are grasslands, shrublands, woodlands, wetlands, and deserts that are grazed by domestic livestock or wild animals

(3b)
(i) Healthy pasture are beneficial to the owners animal and environment
(ii) They prevent erosion and water loss.
(iii) It reduce the labour required especially in feeding livestocks
(iv) The grasses and legumes on a pasture serves as food for feeding livestock

(3c)
(i) Concentrates
(ii) Roughages
(iii) Feed supplements
(iv) Feed additives

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(4a)
Artificial insemination is a deliberate process of avoiding normal mating between a mature male and mature female farm animal and then introducing the male semen into the female genital organ(vulva) by artificial means.

(4b)
*(Pick any Four)*
(i) It eliminate the necessity of keeping one or several male animals on the farm
(ii) It increases the rate of genetic improvement in a herd as long as superior male animals are selected.
(iii) It prevent spread of certain diseases
(iv) It reduces chances of injuries to animals
(v) It enhances optimal use of semen

(4ci)
In progeny selection, animals are selected on the performance of their offspring or progeny. Mothers of the best performed offspring are retained while the mothers of offsprings that do not performance well are discarded WHILE In pedigree selection, animals are selected or rejected on the basis of the performance of their ancestors. The belief is that ancestors have passed on their traits to the animal being considered.

(4cii)
(i) Inbreeding involves the mating of more closely related animals eg the mating of father with the daughter; son to mother or brother with sisters WHILE outbreeding is the mating of unrelated individual animals within the same breed.
(ii) In breeding produces offspring with undesirable characteristics WHILE out breeding produces offspring with greater vigour and productivity.

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(5a)
A pathogen is defined as an organism causing disease to its host, with the severity of the disease symptoms referred to as virulence.

(5b)
(i) Malnutrition
(ii) Harsh weather conditions
(iii) injury's and poorly treated wonds

(5bi)
Birds

(5bii)
CAUSAL ORGANISN: Avian paramyxovirus

(5biii)
MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Infected birds' droppings and secretions from the nose, mouth and eyes.

(5biv)
SYMPTOM: Coughing and sneezing

(5bv)
CONTROL MEASURE: Slaughter and bury infected bird.

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NECO 2021 - FISHERY ANSWER

FISHERIES OBJ
1-10: DDDEEDDAAB
11-20: EABCDACDEA
21-30: CCCCCADCCE
31-40: BDEEEBEDCD
41-50: ACBDAECAAA
51-60: BDBEEEEECD

(1ai)
(i) Turbid water reduces the amount of light that penetrates the water thereby affecting the growth of fish
(ii) It minimises fish reproduction
(iii) It damages their breathing organs
(iv) it leads to high mortality rates of fish

(1aii)
PLS TABULATE:

ARTISANAL FISHERIES:
(i) Gear used are simple and hand operated
(ii) Crafts are simple and traditional
(iii) Labour intensive with low capital investment
(iv) Productivity and income is low in artisanal fisheries

COMMERCIAL FISHERIES:
(i) Gear are large and mechanically operated
(ii) Crafts are large and motorized
(iii) It is capital intensive with low labour
(iv) Productivity and income is very high in commercial fisheries

(1b)
(i) Monoculture: This is the type of aquaculture that involves stocking a single species of fish in the same rearing facility at a given time. It offers high production and quality. These fishes are popular among consumers. An example of monoculture fish is shrimps.

(ii) Screen: This is a structure built to prevent fish from entering hydroelectric dams, aqueducts, diversion rivers, or other man-made structures. These screens are meant to supply water free of debris to power plants and other facilities without harming aquatic life.

(iii) Fishing: This is the process of catching fish or other aquatic species from waters, either for sustenance, as a business, or for sport. Commercial fishing is catching fish for sale, while recreational fishing is the activity of sports enthusiasts, and can be either for the purpose of eating them or the sport of catching them, or both.

(iv) Filleting: This is the removal of bones from fish. This is done by cutting or slicing away the flesh of a fish from the bone by cutting lengthwise along one side of the fish parallel to the backbone.

(1c)
(i) Feeding
(ii) Periodic fertilization
(iii) Pond environmental monitoring
(iv) Fish health monitoring

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(2a)



(2aii)
(i) It is made with concrete block
(ii) It is plastered with cement
(iii) It has an outlet for water removal
(iv) It has a water inlet pipe

(2b)
(i) Preparation of the proposed site
(ii) Pegging out the pond area
(iii) Construction of clay cores
(iv) Excavation of the pond and construction of dykes
(v) Construction of drainage system
(vi) Construction of water inlet pipe


(2c)
(i) Well water
(ii) Spring water
(iii) Rivers and lakes
(iv) Groundwater
(v) Municipal water
(vi) Rain water

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(3ai)
(i) It serves as an alternative source of food
(ii) In some urban areas, Algae are being developed to serve as an alternative fuel source
(iii) It creates job opportunities
(iv) It generates income
(v) It provides both new products for a market

(3bi)
Grazers: These are animals that relies on herbivory (feeds on plants) as its primary food source. Examples includes cattle, deer, horses and rabbits, ocean grazers herbivorous reef fish and ea urchins

(3bii)
Carnivore: This is an animal whose food and energy requirements derive solely from animal product. Carnivores eats other animal. Examples are dogs, cats, bears, etc.

(3biii)
Filter feeder: This is an animal that obtains its food by filtering organic matter or minute organisms from a current of water that passes through some part of its system. Examples are clams, krill, sponges, baleen whales, flamingos, etc.

(3biv)
Herbivore: This is an animal that feeds mainly or only on plants. In a food chain, herbivores are primary consumers. Examples rabbit, Cow, Goat, Deer, Tortoise, Elephant, Horse.


(3ci)
Water quality refers to the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water based on the standards of its usage.

(3cii)
(i) Temperature
(ii) Dissolved oxygen
(iii) PH
(iv) Conductivity
(v) Turbidity

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