WAEC 2023 - PHYSICS ANSWER




PHYSICS OBJ
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(4)
TABULATE:
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Geostationary satellites orbit the Earth directly above the equator in a geosynchronous orbit. They remain fixed relative to a specific point on the Earth's surface WHILE Polar satellites orbit the Earth in a polar orbit, passing over or near the North and South poles on each orbit.

(ii) Geostationary satellites have an inclination of 0 degrees, meaning their orbital plane aligns with the equatorial plane WHILE Polar satellites have a high inclination angle (usually around 90 degrees) to achieve polar orbits.

(iii) Geostationary satellites provide coverage over a large portion of the Earth's surface (typically one-third to half) but are limited to a specific longitude range WHILE Polar satellites provide global coverage, as they pass over or near the poles on each orbit, covering the entire Earth's surface over time.

(iv) Geostationary satellites observe the Earth from a fixed position, providing a continuous view of a specific region WHILE Polar satellites observe the Earth from a changing perspective as they orbit, resulting in different views of the Earth's surface with each pass.

(v) Geostationary satellites primarily collect data for meteorological observations, weather forecasting, and telecommunications WHILE Polar satellites collect data for a wide range of applications, including weather monitoring, climate research, environmental monitoring, and scientific research.

(vi) Geostationary satellites are positioned at an altitude of approximately 35,786 kilometers (22,236 miles) above the Earth's surface WHILE Polar satellites generally operate at lower altitudes, typically between 700 and 1,500 kilometers (435 to 932 miles.

(vii) Geostationary satellites provide a continuous stream of data and observations for a specific region, allowing for real-time monitoring WHILE Polar satellites have a lower data refresh rate since they pass over a given area less frequently. However, they provide a broader coverage over time.

OR

(4)
TABULATE:
(PICK ANY THREE)
Geostationary satellites:
(i) Orbit the Earth directly above the equator in a geosynchronous orbit
(ii) It has an inclination of 0 degrees
(iii) Its coverage are limited to a specific longitude
(iv) They observe the Earth from a fixed position, providing a continuous view of a specific region
(v) They collect data for meteorological observations, weather forecasting, and telecommunications
(vi) They are positioned at an altitude of approximately 35,786 kilometers
(vii) They provide a continuous stream of data and observations for a specific region, allowing for real-time

Polar satellites:
(i) Orbit the Earth in a polar orbit
(ii) It has a high inclination angle (usually around 90 degrees)
(iii) They cover the entire Earth's surface over time.
(iv) They observe the Earth from a changing perspective as they orbit, resulting in different views of the Earth's surface with each pass.
(v) They collect data for a wide range of applications, including weather monitoring, climate research, environmental monitoring, and scientific research.
(vi) They operate at lower altitudes, typically between 700 and 1,500 kilometers
(vii) They have a lower data refresh rate since they pass over a given area less frequently.

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(5a)
(PICK ANY ONE)

Diffusion refers to the process by which fluid molecules or particles move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. This movement occurs due to the random motion of molecules, as described by the kinetic theory.

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Diffusion is the spontaneous movement of fluid molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. According to the kinetic theory, molecules possess kinetic energy and random motion, leading to collisions and subsequent redistribution, resulting in the even distribution of molecules throughout the fluid.

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Diffusion is the process by which fluid molecules move from a higher concentration area to a lower concentration area. According to the kinetic theory, fluid molecules are in constant motion, colliding with each other and their surroundings. These collisions cause them to move randomly, leading to the gradual spreading and intermingling of molecules throughout the fluid.

(5bi)
(PICK ANY ONE)
-Interference
-Diffraction
-Doppler Effect
-Polarization
-Refraction
-Dispersion

(5bii)
(PICK ANY ONE)
-Particle-Wave Duality.
-Photoelectric Effect
-Photoionization
-Compton Scattering

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(7a)
(PICK ANY ONE)
Fiber optics refers to a technology that utilizes thin, flexible strands of glass or plastic called optical fibers to transmit information in the form of light pulses.

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Fiber optics refers to the technology that uses thin strands of glass or plastic fibers to transmit data and information in the form of light signals

OR

Fiber optics is a method of transmitting light signals through optical fibers for the purpose of communication or data transmission.

(7b)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Optical fibers have a much higher bandwidth compared to copper cables.
(ii) Optical fibers can transmit signals over much longer distances without experiencing significant signal degradation unlike copper cables which are limited in their transmission.
(iii) Optical fibers are immune to Electromagnetic Interference while copper cables are susceptible to interference
(iv) Optical fibers offer improved security for data transmission whereas copper cables are vulnerable to eavesdropping or unauthorized access
(v) Optical fibers are much thinner and lighter than copper cables, making them easier to install and handle.

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