2026 NECO GCE MARKETING ANSWER


MARKETING OBJ
01-10: EBCBEBDDEA
11-20: CECDCBCBEA
21-30: BCEACBAABB
31-40: DDDBADCEEA
41-50: CEBEAECCBB
51-60: BBCDEAABEC

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MARKETING OBJ FOR (CBT) PEOPLE
KINDLY TRACE!!!!

1. E: demographic
2. B: Presentation
3. C: can be costly and time consuming
4. B: Television
5. E: place
6. B: salesmanship
7. D: marketing
8. D: Penetration
9. E: Marketing analysis
10. A: Personal selling
11. D: direct exportation
12. E: service
13. C: sampling
14. D: Manifest
15. C: wholesale
16. B: air
17. C: Product display
18. B: trade
19. E: Goods are tangible while services are intangible
20. A: media
21. B: Delay in communication
22. C: marketing budget
23. E: Agriculture
24. A: mass
25. C: haggling
26. B: creates avenue to shop from home
27. A: Providing easy and efficient financial services
28. C: distribution
29. B: microfinance and savings institutions
30. B: Opportunities
31. D: water
32. D: Industrial
33. A: shopping
34. B: Post purchase evaluation
35. A: actual self
36. D: supplier
37. C: directing
38. E: production
39. E: Export trading companies
40. A: Storage
41. C: Consumers buy goods for personal use while organisations buy goods for business purposes
42. E: Packaging
43. B: provides door-to-door service
44. E: commencing business operations
45. A: physical distribution
46. E: profit orientation
47. C: Maturity
48. A: sending sexually suggestive messages over the internet
49. B: ₦50,000 (₦40,000 + 25% = ₦50,000)
50. B: allows businesses to reach customers quickly
51. B: industrial
52. B: message is communicated without direct personal contact
53. C: Intensive
54. D: bargaining
55. E: occupation
56. A: ATL promotion uses paid mass media while BTL promotion uses non-media forms of promotion
57. A: transaction
58. B: Nature of goods
59. E: economic
60. C: Evaluation of alternatives.

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(1a)
Advertising is a form of communication used by individuals, businesses or organisations to inform, persuade and remind the public about the existence, features and benefits of their goods and services in order to attract customers and increase sales.

(1bi)
=Radio=
Advantages
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) It is relatively cheap compared to television advertising.
(ii) It reaches a large number of people in different locations.
(iii) It can reach people who cannot read or write.
(iv) Advertisements can be repeated frequently to remind listeners about products.
(v) It is portable and can be listened to while working or travelling.
(vi) It allows advertisers to target specific audiences through different radio programmes.

Disadvantages
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) It does not provide pictures or visual demonstrations of products.
(ii) Listeners may forget the advertisement easily.
(iii) Advertisements have a short lifespan because they are broadcast for a limited time.
(iv) Some people may not have access to radio sets.
(v) Background noise may prevent listeners from hearing the message clearly.
(vi) It allows advertisers to target specific audiences through different radio programmes.

Disadvantages
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) It does not provide pictures or visual demonstrations of products.
(ii) Listeners may forget the advertisement easily.
(iii) Advertisements have a short lifespan because they are broadcast for a limited time.
(iv) Some people may not have access to radio sets.
(v) Background noise may prevent listeners from hearing the message clearly.
(vi) It may be difficult to explain complicated products through sound alone.

(1bii)
=Television=
Advantages
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) It combines sound, pictures and motion to attract viewers.
(ii) It reaches a large audience within a short period.
(iii) It makes it possible to demonstrate how a product works.
(iv) It attracts the attention of viewers through colourful images.
(v) It helps to create a strong and lasting impression on consumers.
(vi) It can reach both literate and illiterate people.
Disadvantages
(i) It is very expensive to produce and broadcast advertisements.
(ii) Advertisements are usually shown for a short period.
(iii) Some viewers may change channels during advertisements.
(iv) It requires electricity or batteries to operate television sets.

Disadvantages
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) It is very expensive to produce and broadcast advertisements.
(ii) Advertisements are usually shown for a short period.
(iii) Some viewers may change channels during advertisements.
(iv) It requires electricity or batteries to operate television sets.
(v) It may not reach people who do not own television sets.
(vi) Producing quality television advertisements requires skilled personnel and equipment.

(1biii)
=Newspapers=
Advantages
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) It provides detailed information about goods and services.
(ii) It is relatively affordable compared to television advertising.
(iii) It allows readers to read advertisements at their convenience.
(iv) Newspapers can reach a large number of people.
(v) Advertisements can be kept for future reference.
(vi) It allows advertisers to include pictures, prices and contact details of products.

Disadvantages
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) It cannot reach people who cannot read or write.
(ii) Newspapers have a short lifespan and are often discarded after reading.
(iii) It does not provide sound or moving pictures.
(iv) Some people do not buy or read newspapers regularly.
(v) Advertisements may be overlooked because of many competing adverts.
(vi) Newspaper circulation may be limited to certain geographical areas.

(1biv)
=Websites=
Advantages
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) It can reach people all over the world.
(ii) It is available to customers at any time of the day.
(iii) It allows advertisers to provide detailed information about their products.
(iv) It is easy to update or modify advertisements.
(v) It allows direct interaction between advertisers and potential customers.
(vi) It can include pictures, videos, animations and links to attract customers.

Disadvantages
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) It requires internet access to view advertisements.
(ii) Some people do not have the skills to use the internet.
(iii) Advertisements may be ignored or blocked by users.
(iv) It can expose users to fraudulent websites and online scams.
(v) Website advertising may involve high costs of maintenance and promotion.
(vi) Poor internet connection may prevent people from viewing advertisements properly

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(2a)
Marketing concept is a business philosophy or approach which states that an organisation should identify the needs, wants and expectations of its customers and satisfy them more effectively and efficiently than its competitors in order to achieve organisational goals and make reasonable profit.

(2b)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Production Concept: This is a marketing concept which assumes that consumers prefer products that are readily available and affordable. Under this concept, firms concentrate on increasing the volume of production, improving production methods and reducing the cost of producing goods so that products can be made available to customers at reasonable prices. The major aim is to achieve mass production and wide distribution of goods.
(ii) Product Concept: This is a marketing concept which believes that consumers prefer products that have high quality, good performance, durability and attractive features. Firms operating under this concept concentrate on improving the quality, design, packaging and performance of their products. They also invest in research and development to introduce better products that can satisfy customers and compete favourably in the market.
(iii) Selling Concept: This concept assumes that consumers will not buy enough of a company's products unless the company makes serious efforts to promote and sell them. Therefore, firms concentrate on aggressive advertising, sales promotion, personal selling and other promotional activities to persuade customers to purchase their products. The major aim is to increase sales and generate more revenue for the organisation.
(iv) Marketing Concept: This concept focuses on identifying the needs, wants and preferences of customers and satisfying them better than competitors. Under this concept, firms carry out market research to understand what customers need before producing goods and services. They then develop suitable products, determine reasonable prices and make the products available to customers through effective distribution channels. Customer satisfaction is the major priority.
(v) Societal Marketing Concept: This concept emphasises satisfying the needs and wants of customers while also protecting the welfare of society and the environment. Firms are expected to consider the long-term interests of consumers and the community when making business decisions. For example, companies should produce environmentally friendly products, avoid harmful substances, reduce pollution and engage in activities that promote social development.
(vi) Relationship Marketing Concept: This is a marketing concept that focuses on establishing, developing and maintaining long-term relationships between a business organisation and its customers. Firms achieve this by providing quality products, excellent customer service, after-sales services, discounts and effective communication. The aim is to build customer trust, encourage repeat purchases, retain existing customers and develop customer loyalty.

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(3a)
A facilitator is an individual, organisation or intermediary who helps to make a process, activity or transaction easier by providing guidance, support, information and necessary resources to ensure that people achieve their desired objectives. A facilitator helps to connect different parties, solve problems and promote effective cooperation.

(3b)
=Roles Of A Facilitator In Microfinance Companies=
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Customer Education: A facilitator educates customers on how microfinance services operate, including savings, loans, interest rates and repayment procedures. This helps customers to make informed financial decisions.
(ii) Loan Application Assistance: A facilitator assists customers in completing loan application forms and providing the necessary documents required by microfinance institutions to obtain loans.
(iii) Financial Advice: A facilitator provides financial guidance to customers on how to manage their income, savings and borrowed money effectively to avoid financial difficulties.
(iv) Customer Mobilisation: A facilitator encourages individuals, traders, farmers and small business owners to register with microfinance companies and benefit from their financial services.
(v) Loan Monitoring and Recovery: A facilitator monitors customers who have received loans to ensure that the money is used for the intended purpose and helps to encourage timely loan repayment.
(vi) Linking Customers with Financial Institutions: A facilitator connects individuals and small business owners with microfinance institutions that can provide loans, savings facilities and other financial services to improve their businesses.

=Roles of a Facilitator in Marketing Agricultural Produce=
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Linking Farmers with Buyers: A facilitator connects farmers with wholesalers, retailers, consumers and other potential buyers to ensure that agricultural produce reaches the market easily.
(ii) Providing Market Information: A facilitator provides farmers with information about market prices, demand, supply and suitable places to sell their agricultural products to enable them to make profitable decisions.
(iii) Transportation Assistance: A facilitator helps farmers to arrange suitable means of transporting agricultural produce from farms to markets and other sales locations to prevent delays and losses.
(iv) Price Negotiation: A facilitator assists farmers in negotiating fair and reasonable prices with buyers to ensure that they receive good returns for their agricultural products.
(v) Storage and Preservation: A facilitator helps farmers to identify suitable storage facilities and preservation methods to prevent spoilage, wastage and deterioration of agricultural produce before it reaches consumers.
(vi) Promotion and Advertising: A facilitator helps farmers to promote and advertise their agricultural products through different channels in order to attract more customers, increase demand and improve sales.

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(4a)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Higher Profit: Selling cocoa abroad may enable Mr. Akin to earn more profit because international markets may offer better prices than the local market.
(ii) Larger Market: Selling abroad gives him access to a wider market and more customers in different countries, thereby increasing the demand for his cocoa.
(iii) Foreign Exchange Earnings: Exporting cocoa enables him to earn foreign currencies such as dollars, euros and pounds, which can increase his income.
(iv) Reduction of Local Surplus: Selling cocoa abroad helps to reduce excess supply in the local market and prevents agricultural produce from remaining unsold.
(v) Business Expansion: International sales can increase his income and provide more capital to expand his cocoa farm, purchase modern equipment and employ more workers.
(vi) Diversification of Customers: Selling abroad allows him to deal with different buyers and countries, reducing his dependence on only local customers and markets.

(4bi)
Cultural Feature: Cultural features refer to the beliefs, values, customs, traditions, religion, language and lifestyles of people in different countries. They influence international marketing because customers in different countries may have different tastes, preferences and buying habits. Therefore, marketers must understand and respect the culture of their target markets when designing, packaging, advertising and selling their products.

(4bii)
Demographic Feature: Demographic features refer to the characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, income, occupation, education level, family size and population distribution. These features affect international marketing because they determine the type of goods and services people need and can afford. Marketers must study the population characteristics of a country to identify their target customers and develop suitable products.

(4biii)
Legal Feature: Legal features refer to the laws, rules and regulations guiding business activities in different countries. They affect international marketing because every country has its own regulations concerning importation, exportation, taxation, product standards, packaging and consumer protection. Therefore, international marketers must obey the laws of the countries where they operate to avoid penalties, fines and business restrictions.

(4biv)
Economic Feature: Economic features refer to the financial and economic conditions of a country, including income levels, inflation, exchange rates, employment, purchasing power and economic growth. These factors affect international marketing because they determine the ability of consumers to buy goods and services. For example, countries with high purchasing power may have greater demand for certain products, while economic hardship may reduce consumer spending.

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(5a)
A merchandiser is an individual who is responsible for planning, selecting, purchasing, displaying, promoting and selling goods to customers in order to increase sales and maximise profit. A merchandiser ensures that the right products are available in the right quantity, at the right place, at the right time and at the right price to satisfy customers' needs.

(5b)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Good Communication Skills: A good merchandiser must possess effective communication skills to interact properly with customers, suppliers, wholesalers and retailers. This helps the merchandiser to understand customers' needs, explain product features and negotiate successfully with suppliers.
(ii) Honesty and Integrity: A merchandiser must be honest, trustworthy and sincere in all business transactions. This quality helps to build confidence among customers and suppliers, prevent fraudulent practices and maintain a good business reputation.
(iii) Creativity and Innovation: A merchandiser should be creative and innovative in displaying, arranging and promoting goods to attract customers. Creativity helps to make products more attractive, improve product presentation and increase customers' interest in purchasing goods.
(iv) Good Knowledge of Products: A merchandiser must have adequate knowledge of the products being sold, including their features, quality, prices, uses and benefits. This enables the merchandiser to provide correct information to customers, answer questions and recommend suitable products.
(v) Good Organisational Skills: A good merchandiser must be able to plan, organise and manage goods effectively. This includes arranging products properly, monitoring stock levels, keeping accurate records and ensuring that goods are available when customers need them.
(vi) Patience and Good Customer Relations: A merchandiser must be patient, polite and friendly when dealing with different types of customers. This quality helps the merchandiser to handle complaints, attend to customers' questions and maintain good relationships that encourage customer loyalty and repeat purchases.

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(5a)
A merchandiser is an individual who is responsible for planning, selecting, purchasing, displaying, promoting and selling goods to customers in order to increase sales and maximise profit. A merchandiser ensures that the right products are available in the right quantity, at the right place, at the right time and at the right price to satisfy customers' needs.

(5b)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Good Communication Skills: A good merchandiser must possess effective communication skills to interact properly with customers, suppliers, wholesalers and retailers. This helps the merchandiser to understand customers' needs, explain product features and negotiate successfully with suppliers.
(ii) Honesty and Integrity: A merchandiser must be honest, trustworthy and sincere in all business transactions. This quality helps to build confidence among customers and suppliers, prevent fraudulent practices and maintain a good business reputation.
(iii) Creativity and Innovation: A merchandiser should be creative and innovative in displaying, arranging and promoting goods to attract customers. Creativity helps to make products more attractive, improve product presentation and increase customers' interest in purchasing goods.
(iv) Good Knowledge of Products: A merchandiser must have adequate knowledge of the products being sold, including their features, quality, prices, uses and benefits. This enables the merchandiser to provide correct information to customers, answer questions and recommend suitable products.
(v) Good Organisational Skills: A good merchandiser must be able to plan, organise and manage goods effectively. This includes arranging products properly, monitoring stock levels, keeping accurate records and ensuring that goods are available when customers need them.
(vi) Patience and Good Customer Relations: A merchandiser must be patient, polite and friendly when dealing with different types of customers. This quality helps the merchandiser to handle complaints, attend to customers' questions and maintain good relationships that encourage customer loyalty and repeat purchases.

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(6a)
A new product is a good or service that has been recently introduced into the market for the first time or an improved version of an existing product with new features, quality, design or benefits to satisfy customers' needs and wants. It is developed to meet changing consumer demands, solve problems and create new market opportunities.

(6b)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Core Benefit: This refers to the basic value, satisfaction or problem-solving benefit that a customer expects from purchasing a product. It is the main reason why customers buy a particular product. For example, the core benefit of purchasing a mobile phone is communication, while the core benefit of buying food is the satisfaction of hunger.
(ii) Basic Product: This refers to the actual physical goods or services offered to customers to satisfy their needs. It includes the essential features, design, quality, brand and packaging of the product. For example, a mobile phone has a screen, battery, camera, speaker and other physical features.
(iii) Expected Product: This refers to the qualities, features and conditions that customers normally expect when purchasing a particular product. These include acceptable quality, reasonable price, good appearance, durability and proper functioning. For example, customers buying a refrigerator expect it to cool and preserve food properly.
(iv) Augmented Product: This refers to additional benefits or services provided by a seller beyond the basic expectations of customers. These may include free delivery, warranties, after-sales services, installation, maintenance and customer support. These extra benefits help a company attract customers and gain an advantage over competitors.
(v) Potential Product: This refers to all the possible improvements, modifications and additional features that a product may receive in the future. It involves introducing new ideas, advanced technology and innovations to improve the product and satisfy changing customer needs.
(vi) Product Support Services: These are additional services provided by a company to assist customers before, during and after purchasing a product. They include technical assistance, repairs, maintenance, customer care, product information and replacement services. They help to improve customer satisfaction and encourage customers to remain loyal to the company.

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(7a)
Primary producers are individuals, groups or organisations that are directly involved in the extraction, cultivation, harvesting or production of raw materials and agricultural products from natural resources. They are responsible for producing basic goods that serve as raw materials for industries and other economic activities. Examples include farmers, fishermen, hunters, miners and forest workers.

(7b)
A market union is an organised association of traders, producers, buyers and sellers who come together to protect their common interests, promote their business activities, maintain order in the market and solve problems affecting members. It also helps to regulate market activities and encourage cooperation among members.

(7c)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Protection of Members' Interests: Market unions protect the rights and interests of their members against unfair treatment, exploitation and discrimination by buyers, sellers and other market participants. They also represent members in discussions with government authorities and other organisations.
(ii) Price Regulation: Market unions help to maintain reasonable and stable prices for primary and secondary products by guiding members on acceptable market prices. This helps to prevent unnecessary price manipulation and unfair competition among traders.
(iii) Provision of Market Information: Market unions provide members with useful information about market prices, demand, supply, availability of goods and changes in market conditions. This enables producers and traders to make better marketing decisions.
(iv) Settlement of Disputes: Market unions help to settle disagreements and conflicts among traders, buyers, sellers and other members. They provide a platform for resolving business disputes peacefully and maintaining unity and cooperation in the market.
(v) Provision of Financial Assistance: Market unions may assist members in obtaining loans, savings facilities and financial support to expand their businesses, purchase goods and improve their marketing activities. They may also organise cooperative contributions among members.
(vi) Promotion of Products: Market unions help members to advertise and promote primary and secondary products through exhibitions, trade fairs, publicity and other promotional activities. This helps to attract more customers, increase demand and improve sales.

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(8a)
An organisation chart is a diagrammatic or graphical representation of the structure of an organisation showing the different departments, positions, levels of authority, responsibilities and relationships among employees. It indicates the chain of command and how information and instructions flow from top management to lower-level employees.

(8b)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Market Research: A firm carries out market research to gather information about customers' needs, wants, preferences, competitors and market conditions. This helps the organisation to understand what consumers require and make appropriate business decisions before introducing its goods or services.
(ii) Product Planning and Development: A firm plans and develops the goods or services it intends to offer to customers. This involves identifying customers' problems, selecting suitable products, improving product quality, designing products and ensuring that the products meet consumers' expectations.
(iii) Product Pricing: A firm determines the appropriate prices at which its goods or services will be sold. In fixing prices, the organisation considers the cost of production, transportation, competitors' prices, customers' purchasing power and the profit it intends to make. This helps the firm to remain competitive and profitable.
(iv) Product Packaging and Branding: A firm prepares suitable packaging and gives its products distinctive names, symbols, designs or trademarks to differentiate them from competitors' products. Good packaging protects the products from damage and spoilage, while branding helps customers to identify and recognise the products easily.
(v) Advertising and Sales Promotion: A firm creates awareness of its goods or services through advertising and promotional activities such as radio, television, newspapers, websites, discounts and special offers. This helps to inform potential customers about the existence, features, benefits and availability of the products and encourages them to make purchases.
(vi) Distribution and Transportation Planning: A firm makes arrangements for how its goods or services will reach the final consumers. This involves selecting suitable distribution channels, wholesalers, retailers, warehouses and transportation methods to ensure that products are available at the right place, at the right time and in the right quantity.

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(9a)
A consumer market refers to a market made up of individuals, households and families who purchase goods and services for their personal use or consumption rather than for resale or further production. It involves the buying and selling of products such as food, clothing, furniture, electronics and other household necessities to satisfy people's needs and wants.

(9b)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Large Volume of Purchases: Organisational markets usually involve the buying of goods and services in large quantities. This is because organisations purchase materials, equipment and supplies in bulk to support their business operations and production activities.
(ii) Fewer Buyers: Organisational markets generally have fewer buyers compared to consumer markets. This is because the buyers are mainly companies, government agencies, industries, institutions and other business organisations rather than individual consumers.
(iii) Professional Purchasing: Organisational markets involve professional buyers who have the necessary knowledge, skills and experience to make purchasing decisions. They carefully examine product quality, prices, suppliers and other conditions before placing orders.
(iv) Derived Demand: Demand in organisational markets is usually derived from the demand for final consumer goods and services. This means that organisations purchase raw materials and other products because consumers need the finished products produced from them.
(v) Long-Term Business Relationships: Organisational markets often involve long-term relationships between buyers and sellers. Organisations prefer to maintain regular relationships with reliable suppliers to ensure a steady supply of materials, equipment and other business requirements.
(vi) Complex Buying Decisions: Purchasing decisions in organisational markets are usually complicated because they involve large amounts of money, technical requirements and several people. Departments such as finance, purchasing, production and management may participate in making the final decision.

(9c)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Food items such as rice, beans and bread.
(ii) Clothing materials such as shirts, trousers and dresses.
(iii) Household appliances such as refrigerators, televisions and electric fans.
(iv) Personal care products such as soap, toothpaste and body cream.
(v) Electronic devices such as mobile phones, laptops and radios.
(vi) Furniture such as chairs, tables, beds and wardrobes.